The use of δ18O as an indicator of vanadium movement in a dormant stratovolcano region

The oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) stable water tracer can be a promising new tool for identifying trace metals in volcanoes and their sources. In the present study, the origin of vanadium in water from a spring at the base of Mt. Fuji is examined using δ¹⁸O, a dormant stratovolcano consisting of lava and basalt rock located on the North Pacific Coast of Japan. A comparison of water from the main springs at the foot of the Mt. Fuji volcano indicates that only V, Cr, Mn and Co enrichment could be related to volcanic events, whereas Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb originate from the dissolution of particles of anthropogenic origin from the industrial areas of Fuji and Fujinomiya. The average V concentrations at the mountain sites ranged from 50 to 110 µg L^?1 and from 18 to 47 µg L^?1 in the coastal areas. The δ¹⁸O became depleted at higher elevations and increased in coastal areas as well as in some NO₃^?-contaminated water. Therefore, variations in the dissolved V/δ¹⁸O ratio in springs of the study area occur due to the elevations of their catchments and the increased concentrations of δ¹⁸O from NO₃^? as a contaminant.     

黄山山底大气气溶胶数浓度日变化

利用美国MSP公司生产的宽范围粒径谱仪(WPS)于2011年5月至9月在黄山山底(寨西)采集的气溶胶观测数据,分析了黄山山底大气气溶胶数浓度的日变化特征.结果表明晴天气溶胶数浓度日变化特征明显,气溶胶粒子总数浓度在6:00,12:00和18:00达到峰值.人为活动,湍流混合及山谷风是影响黄山山底气溶胶日变化的主要因素.剔除交通污染时段后,气溶胶粒子数平均浓度减少319个/cm3,即减少12.17%.其中,0.01~0.02μm,0.02~0.05μm,0.05~0.1μm,0.1~0.5μm,0.5~1.0μm,1.0~2.5μm粒径段气溶胶粒子数浓度分别降低了31.32%,20.29%,6.59%,7.49%,1.23%,2.51%.机动车尾气排放对0.01~0.05μm粒径段气溶胶的影响最明显,其气溶胶浓度降低百分比为25.81%.     

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit irnpactor （MOUDI） in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng （1269 m asl）, followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non- dust-storm periods, the average PM1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM10. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of （NH4）2SO4 in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.     

安徽"两山一湖"区域气候特征及气象灾害分析

分析了安徽“两山一湖”区域独特的气候特征，在此基础上对该区域的主要气象灾害(暴雨与洪涝、雨淞、冰雹与大风、雾危害、低温冻害、干旱、雪灾)逐一进行了论述，指出了趋利避害、合理开发利用气候资源、保护“两山一湖”区域生态环境与旅游资源的重要性。     

安徽省黄山市茶叶经营现状与开发对策

作为一种经济作物，茶叶是安徽省黄山市的拳头产品和重要经济支柱，是山区人民收入和地方财政收入的重要来源。但近几年的统计数据表明，该市的茶叶生产经营在数量和质量方面，以及内销和出口上发展较缓慢，与其曾经拥有的历史地位明显不相称。分析了该区茶叶的生产经营现状，提出了相应的对策，以期振兴黄山市的茶叶产业。     

黄山市农业气候资源分析与利用

在对黄山市农业气候条件进行调查分析的基础上，编制了气候资料表；并根据当地林、茶、果、桑、药的自然分布状况，结合山区农业气候资源概况，对如何利用山区农业气候资源进行了分析和研究。     

黄山市野生兰科植物资源的开发利用

安徽省黄山市有野生兰科植物24属36种，是安徽省兰科植物的集中分布区，且多数种类都具有观赏和药用价值。分析了开发利用中存在的问题，并就其永续利用提出了建议。     

A Methodological Approach for Designating Management Zones in Mount Spil National Park, Turkey

/ This study was undertaken to (1) determine the suitability of ecosystems within Mount Spil National Park (Turkey) to human activities by a systematic zoning procedure, and (2) provide the basis for developing sound management strategies based on natural-cultural resource attributes of the park. After assessing natural-cultural resources and human activity requirements, the suitability of three zones (Strict Protection Zone, SPZ; Restricted Use Zone, RUZ; and Recreation and Administration Zone, RAZ) for proposed human activities/land uses was determined in order to maintain ecological sustainability and integrity through a weighting-ranking methodology, based on a grid cell resolution of 1 km x 1 km. Results showed that out of the three management zones, the RUZ in which the recreational activities that do not require physical developments are allowed constituted 82% of the park area as the first priority management zone. The proposed zoning procedure is believed to be a key step to improve management for both the study area and other national parks with the similar landscape features.     

酸雨对泰山古碑石刻侵蚀的模拟研究

为研究我国华东典型山地地区的酸沉降对文物古迹的影响,选取与泰山古碑石刻材质相同的花岗石,采用pH分别为3.0、3.8、4.7、5.6的人工模拟酸雨对泰山花岗石进行周期浸泡实验,测定不同pH值下的腐蚀速率;同时利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测试验前后样品表面特征;并对浸泡前后的样品表面粉末进行X射线衍射分析。实验结果表明:影响石材腐蚀的主要因素是酸雨的酸度;花岗石石样受到侵蚀后,质量减少百分数随pH值降低而增大,最大质量损失达到0.073%,而当pH值大于3.8时,石样的最终腐蚀情况基本一致,基本在0.02%左右;并且无论是高酸度酸雨,还是低酸度酸雨,都对材料外观造成了损害;蚀后样品查出了CaSO4和MgSO4相分。     

泰山地区湿沉降中重金属的空间分布

为了解泰山地区湿沉降中重金属空间分布特征,于2006-01～2006-12在泰山山上和山下选择2个站点进行降水化学重金属对比分析研究,对68场降水样品用ICP-MS分析测定了Zn、Al、Mn、Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、As等10种重金属.结果表明,山上和山下湿沉降中重金属含量较高,污染显著,元素Zn含量最高,占所有重金属总量的54%～57%,平均浓度分别为92 .94 μg/L和70 .41 μg/L,其次为Fe、Al、Mn.有毒重金属中Pb的含量较高,在2个站点降水中浓度分别为8 .04 μg/L和7 .79 μg/L.山上与山下湿沉降重金属的时间变化规律以及浓度比较表明,2个站点湿沉降重金属分布特征不同,受各自站点所处大气环境影响显著.站点降水的相关性分析表明,降水中Al、Mn、Fe、As、Cd、Pb等元素受2个站点降水气团影响显著,而Ni、Cu、Zn则可能还受其他因素影响.